Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the growing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) globally and in Ukraine, with an emphasis on their potential in reducing the negative impact of transport on the environment. It examines the economic and environmental advantages of EV compared to traditional cars equipped with internal combustion engines (ICE), in particular: reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, primarily CO2, reduction of atmospheric pollution by other substances, and reduction of noise pollution in urban environments.

Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the impact of electric transport on the transformation of the energy sector, in particular through the growth in demand for carbon-neutral electricity from renewable sources, which further highlights the importance of decarbonization of the electricity sector. The carbon footprint formed at the stages of production, operation, and disposal of traction batteries is analyzed, taking into account the regional characteristics of the energy sector structure.

Next, an approach is proposed for determining the point of environmental efficiency parity, when the total emissions of an electric vehicle over its life cycle become lower than those of a similar vehicle with an internal combustion engine. The results of comparative assessments for different operating scenarios depending on electricity sources, transport load, etc. are presented.

Some attention is also paid to promising ways of recycling and reusing lithium-ion batteries, which can reduce the environmental risks associated with the mass introduction of electric vehicles.

In the Ukrainian context, current trends in the development of the electric transport market are analyzed, in particular the growth rate of its share, state policy incentives, and the influence of infrastructural, economic, and regulatory factors. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the electrification of transport is a necessary component of the strategy for decarbonising the national economy in order to achieve climate goals and ensure the country’s energy independence. However, its effective implementation requires a comprehensive approach that includes the parallel development of environmentally friendly generation and charging infrastructure, as well as appropriate economic and legal mechanisms.

Keywords: electric car, ecology, CO2 emissions, environmental friendliness of transport, Li-ion batteries, car

FULL TEXT (in Ukrainian)

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The article was submitted 10.11.2025
© Horoshko, O., Zavalniuk, V., 2025
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)