Abstract

The study focuses on improving methods for assessing the technical level of passenger cars at the preliminary design stage by identifying the relationships between vehicle mass, maximum speed, and effective engine power. Based on the analysis of existing research, it is shown that the traditional indicator of specific power does not provide an objective comparison of vehicles from different classes, as it ignores the scaling characteristics of vehicle design.

To overcome this limitation, the study introduces the parameter of energy load level, which expresses the ratio between the maximum effective engine power and the maximum possible kinetic energy of the vehicle at a given mass and speed. Analytical relationships are derived for the scaling coefficients of mass, speed, power, and energy load, enabling the influence of the scaling factor on vehicle energy characteristics to be taken into account. A corrected indicator of energy load level that incorporates scaling, as well as a corresponding criterion of energy efficiency, is proposed. These indicators allow for a more differentiated assessment of vehicles with different sizes and production years.

In addition, a new energetic criterion ‒ partial acceleration from driving force ‒ is introduced, defined as the ratio of maximum effective engine power to the product of vehicle mass and its maximum speed. The analysis of modern car models across various classes demonstrates that the value of partial acceleration increases consistently from class A to class F, reflecting a growth in vehicle energy potential. The obtained relationships can be applied to refine the methods of preliminary vehicle design and to provide a comprehensive evaluation of energy efficiency for vehicles of different designs and configurations.

Keywords: energy efficiency, scaling coefficient, energy load level, partial acceleration, dynamic properties

FULL TEXT  (in Ukrainian)

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The article was submitted 02.12.2025
© Podryhalo, M., Nikorchuk, A., Shein, V., 2025
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)